Apparatus for manufacturing artificial ultramarines.



J LUGIANI. APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING ARTIFICIAL ULTBAMABINES.

A'PPLIOATIOK FILED 33.14, 1909.

968,172. Patented A .23,191o.-

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JACQUES LUCI ANI, OF PAR-IS, FRANCE.

APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING ARTIFICIAL ULT'RAMARI'NES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 23, 1910.

Application filed April 14, 1909. Serial No. 489,882.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, J ACQUES LUOIANI, a citizen of the Republic of France, residing at Paris, France, 100 Rue dAmsterdam, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Apparatus for Manufacturing Artificial Ultramarines, which improvement is fully set forth in the following specification.

This invention relates to improvements in apparatus for introducing chemical reagents into the midst of a heated mass of material, and is particularly applicable for the manufacture of artificial ultramarines in the manufacture of which oxidizing agents are used.

As heretofore practiced, the oxidizing agent used in making artificial ultramarine has been deposited on the mass of raw materials in the retort or furnace, and then by stirring mixed with the materials. By means of my apparatus, the oxidizing agent, such as free oxygen or oxygen in combination, may at the proper moment be introduced into the very center of the mass of raw materials undergoing heating, and thereby elfect more rapid and uniform oxidation.

In the accompanying drawings, I have shown by way of illustration two forms of apparatus embodying my improvements.

Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal sectional view on line 11 of Fig. 2, showing a retort embodying my improvement; Fig. 2 is a transverse sectional view on the line 2 2 of Fig. 1; and Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic sectional view of another form of my improved device.

Referring to Figs. 1 and 2, a retort 1 is supported in the masonry of a fireplace 2, and is provided with a removable closure 3. The retort 1 is adapted to receive a container 4 which may be slid into place 011 round bricks 5. Container 4 is provided with an end closure 7 having a central opening through which a tube 6, having perforations 9 and an end opening 10 for escape of gases, may be introduced. The diameter of tube 6 is preferably about one-fifth that of container 4.. An asbestos plug 11 is provided for closing vent 10 when it is desired to cut off escape of gases from container 4. WVithin tube 6 is located a second perforated tube 12, the perforations 13 of which are smaller than those in tube 6. A plug 1 1 is provided for closing the end of tube 12, and may be provided, as shown, with an inlet tube 15 having a valve 16 for admitting gases containing oxygen when such oxidizing agent is desired to be used. The outer end of tube 12 is preferably enlarged into a shoulder 8 for making a tight-fitting closure within the opening of tube 6.

hen making ultramarine blues by use of my apparatus, the container 4; is half filled with the crude materials employed for making artificial ultramarine. The tube 6 is introduced into the container and the filling completed, so that the tube is in a manner entirely immersed in the center of the mass of crude materials, in which it forms a central empty space therein. The closures 3 and 7 are placed in position, and the retort and its materials heated under the conditions prescribed by the process of 1nanufacture adopted. WVhen the time comes for effecting a powerful oxidation of the raw materials in the container, the end closure 3 is removed and perforated tube 12, containing a suitable oxidizing material, is inserted within the central space formed by tube 6, the mouth of tube 12 being closed by plug 14:. The retort is again closed by replacing end closure 3, and the heating is continued, with the result that the oxygen yielding materials in tube 12 release their oxygen under conditions of temperature for conducting the operation, and the gases penetrate the mass to be oxidized, working their way simultaneously from the center outward in all directions. The vent opening 10 may be closed to any extent desired by pushing tube 12 into the tube 6. Rapid, uniform and thorough oxidation is effected without necessity of stirring the mass, and the formation of the so-called gray is avoided, the production of which reduces the output in this manufacture.

Instead of charging tube 12 with solid oxygen yielding material, the tube 15 may be connected with a source of compressed air or oxygen, which may be introduced into the charge by opening cook 16 for a suitable period. The oxygen is diffused through the reacting materials as in the manner described above.

My improvement has been described above in connection with a horizontal retort, but it may be used in connection with a vertical retort or crucible, as diagrammatically shown in Fig. 3, in which 4 is a vertical container and 12 the perforated tube for holding the oxygen yielding material. The excess of gas escapes through an opening 13 in the bottom. The container is to be placed in a crucible not shown.

hat I claim is:

- 1. Apparatus for making ultramarines and lik bodies, comprising in combination a container for holding a charge of materials to be treated in a retort, a perforated tube in said container to form a space or chamber within the mass of said materials, and a second perforated tube adapted to be inserted into said chamber for introducing an oxidizing agent within said charge, and end closures for said retort and container.

2. Apparatus for making ultramarines and like bodies, comprising in combination a container for holding a charge of materials to be treated, a perforated tube in said container to form a space or chamber within the mass of said materials, and means for introducing an oxidizing agent into said chamber for distribution through said charge, and an end closure for said container.

3. Apparatus for making ultramarines and like bodies, comprising in combination a container for holding a charge of materials to be treated and having a vent opening, a perforated tube having a valved open ing registering with said vent opening, and a second perforated tube adapted to enter the first-named tube for introducing an oxidizing agent within said charge and to engage said valve for closing said vent, and an end closure for said container.

4. An apparatus for making ultramarines and the like, comprising a container for the charge of materials to be treated and having a vent, a perforated tube Within said chamber around which the charge is distributed, a second tube within the first having perforations, and means for introducing a gaseous oxidizing agent for distribution through said charge and means actuated by said last-named tube for closing said vent, and an end closure for said container.

In apparatus for making ultramarines, a container, a perforated tube therein forming a central chamber, and a gas-distributing tube coaxial therewith having perforations of less diameter than those in the firstnamed tube, and an end closure for said container.

6. In apparatus for making ultramarines, a container for holding a charge of materials to be treated and having a vent at one end, a perforated tube within said container open to said vent for holding an oxygen yielding agent to be distributed through said charge, and an end closure for said container.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

JACQUES LUCIANI.

lVitnesses H. C. Coxn, MIGUEL F EROLO. 

